从韩非子看道法合流及其对传统政治文化的影响

汉司马谈认为先秦诸子学说"一致而百虑,同归而殊途",皆"务为治者也",这既是从汉初当下的多元兼综的政治文化视角回溯诸子思潮,也道出了战国诸学派殊分合流、归本政治的实情,其中韩非所代表的道法家思想理路堪称典型。韩非有意识地援老入法,对老子之"道"作了利于君主专制的形而下改造,并对老子的人性自然命题作了曲解与引申,从人的趋利避害本性论证了君主专制的合理性与必要性。韩非所代表的道法合流学说不仅成为秦统一前后的时需应急之策,也为其后二千年的君道同体、君高于道的主流政治文化开启了方便之门。

The Confluence of Taoism and Legalism and Its Influence on China Traditional Political Culture From Hanfeizi

Sima Tan pointed out that the theories of the various schools of thought and their exponents during the pre-Qin period all were aimed to administer a country from different ways, which showed the characteristics of the early Han's political cultural trend from the theories of the various schools and their basic meanings, among which Han Fei as the representative of the confluence of Taoism and Legalism was typical. Han Fei proved the rationalization and necessity of the autocratic monarchy by the explanation of Laozi's "Dao" and his theory of human nature. The theory of the confluence of Taoism and Legalism created by Han Fei was not only urgent need for the Qin politics around the unification period but also useful and helpful for the feudal government for two thousand years.