The effects of motherhood timing on career path |
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Authors: | Amalia R Miller |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Economics, University of Virginia, 237 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA |
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Abstract: | This paper estimates the effects of motherhood timing on female career path, using biological fertility shocks to instrument
for age at first birth. Motherhood delay leads to a substantial increase in earnings of 9% per year of delay, an increase
in wages of 3%, and an increase in work hours of 6%. Supporting a human capital story, the advantage is largest for college-educated
women and those in professional and managerial occupations. Panel estimation reveals both fixed wage penalties and lower returns
to experience for mothers, suggesting that a “mommy track” is the source of the timing effect. |
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