略论中国栽培大豆的起源

栽培大豆 (Glycinemax)起源于中国 ,早已为国内外学者所公认。但是 ,大豆起源于中国何地何时却是众说纷纭的问题。研究栽培大豆起源的依据是 :(1)有无野生大豆的分布 ;(2 )不同生态类型的栽培大豆可能有不同的起源时间和地点 ,并且同耕作栽培制度、用途的不同有密切关系 ;(3)有无历史文献的记载 ;(4)有无考古文物资料的实证 ;(5 )生物学方面的证据。研究结果表明 :春大豆生态类型起源于黄河中下游地区及东北地区 ,起源于 30 0 0— 4 0 0 0年以前 ;夏大豆 (麦豆秋杂二年三熟区 )生态类型起源于黄淮地区 ,起源于 2 0 0 0年前 ;夏大豆 (稻豆两熟区 )生态类型起源于长江流域地区 ,起源于 2 0 0 0年前。

Origins of soybean cultivation in China

It is generally acknowledged that Glycine max originated in China. However, scholars differ on the exact time and area for its origin. Some key hypotheses are reviewed in this paper and the author holds that the study for Glycine max origin should be based on the following conditions: 1. if there is wild soybean distribution; 2. different ecotypes might originate in different time and area and maintain close ties with the cultivation system and their uses; 3. if there are historical documents; 4. if there are evidences of archaeological findings; 5. biology proofs. The present study indicates that the spring soybean ecotype originated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Northeast area 3000 4000 years ago, the ecotype of Summer soybean (in three cropping rotation) originated in the Yellow River and the Huaihe River areas 2,000 years ago, while the ecotype (in two cropping rotation) in Changjiang River area 2,000 years ago.