从单子特性看莱布尼茨对知识主体的探究

从莱布尼茨的《人类理智新论》和《单子论》中梳理其认识论思想,尤其是他对认识主体的看法。莱布尼茨把一种精神客体———单子作为认识的主体,意在说明和强调认识主体的能动性和认识的辨证发展性质,但这种唯心主义的解决方式必然引申出天赋观念而最终走向先验论。尽管如此,莱布尼茨对认识主体的探究对于德国古典哲学发生了积极影响,对于我们今天面临的一些现实问题也不无启发意义。

A Monadic Perspective on Leibniz's Research into the Subject of Knowledge

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz's epistemological thought, especially his view on the subject in his epistemology has been combed from his New Essays on the Human Understanding and Monadology. That Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz took a kind of spiritual subject - the monad - as the cognitive subject in his epistemology is meant to show and emphasize the activity of the cognitive subject in his epistemology and the nature of knowledge's dialectical progress. However, this kind of mode of idealist conception is to bring about innate ideas and finally result in transcendentalism. Even so, Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz's research into the cognitive subject in his epistemology had some positive influence on German classical philosophy and is still helpful to solve the real problems that we meet today.