一个不固定的指示符:非形式逻辑的学科品性

人们对非形式逻辑的学科品性的纷争使得非形式逻辑是一个不固定的指示符。非形式逻辑是不是逻辑的分歧主要表现在对形式标准和非形式逻辑的宗旨或功能的理解上,以此来否定非形式逻辑的逻辑属性的做法是站不住脚的。在非形式逻辑是什么样的逻辑问题上的分歧主要涉及非形式逻辑的对象、手段和评价标准,虽然诸多观点的侧重点不同或某些观点值得商榷,但给我们认识非形式逻辑的逻辑品性以启示:非形式逻辑是以区分好的论证(推理)与坏的论证(推理)为宗旨的,主要研究日常生活中以自然语言为载体的非形式论证(推理)的建构、解释、分析、评价和批判的合理或合情的标准、尺度和程序的一般原则、模式和方法的逻辑学科。按照这种观念,一则可以避免将非形式逻辑排除在逻辑在外,二则可以将它与形式逻辑形成鲜明的对照,三则可以避免将它混同于自然语言逻辑、语用逻辑。

An Unfixed Designator: Disciplinary Qualities of Informal Logic

The disputes over disciplinary qualities of informal logic have made informal logic an unfixed designator.Disagreements on Whether informal logic is logic are mainly in the understanding of the formality standard and the purpose or function of informal logic.So it is untenable to deny the logical properties of informal logic.Disagreements on What kind of logic is informal logic are mainly related to the issues of informal logic of objects,methods and evaluation criteria.Although their focuses are different ...