技术创新理论述评

对技术创新的新古典学派、新熊彼特学派、制度创新学派和国家创新系统学派等四个理论学派代表人物的主要观点进行了深入地分析和探讨,概要提炼出各个流派的研究焦点和所能解决的主要问题以及存在的局限性.新古典学派研究了技术进步与经济增长的关系,但把技术进步作为一个外生变量;新熊彼特学派对技术推广与扩散、技术创新与市场结构等问题进行了深入的研究,但其研究假设与现实相差较大;制度创新学派研究了技术创新和制度创新的关系,但其所研究的制度拘泥于具体制度,忽视了对政治制度的研究;国家创新系统学派认为创新是由国家创新系统推动的,但仅以少数资本主义国家为例进行研究并得出了相应结论.

Review on Theories of Technological Innovation

The key theorists' arguments of four theoretic schools studying technological innovation are discussed in depth,including the neoclassicism,neo-Schumpeterian,institution innovation and state innovation system.The focuses of those arguments and what problems each school can solve are gathered up,as well as their limitations.The neoclassicism mainly studies the relationships between the technology improvement and the economy growth,but it regards the technology progress as an exogenetic variable.The neo-Schumpeterian studies the technology dissemination and diffusion,technological innovation and market structure,but its hypotheses differ from the reality to a certain extent.The institution innovation school studies the relationships between technological innovation and institutional innovation,but it is tied down by details in specific institution and ignores the relevant political institution.The state innovation system school believes that innovation should be promoted by a state innovation system,but what it exemplified to reason out a conclusion is just a few capitalistic states.