孤立主义还是国际主义——欧洲战债与战后美国外交

世界战争债务问题是两次世界大战间美国对欧外交政策的一个焦点。围绕战争债务与德国战争赔款的关系,美国充分利用其债权国的地位,不断发展和扩大美国对欧洲事务的影响力,以适应美国对欧战略发展的需要。本文论述了美国战争债务政策的发端,欧洲协约国在第一次世界大战中向美国借贷上百亿美元的巨额债务,欧美之间就这笔债务的性质和解决办法展开了激烈的外交斗争。美国坚持必须偿还债务,战争债务与赔款无关的原则立场,但在具体解决债务问题时,则更多地采取了“现实”,“合作”的政策。

Isolationism or Internationalism: A Study of American Policy of War Debts during the 1920's

The war debts issue remained a central theme of the American foreign policy towards Europe in the 1920's.Focusing on the relationship between the war debts and German reparations,the American government made best of its creditor status to seek hegemony over Europe.The paper was an attempt to explore the evolution of the American war debts policy.During the First World War,the European Allied Powers obtained a loan of over 10 billion dollars from the United States.Following the war,diplomatic disputes over the nature of the war debts and its settlement intensified between the United States and European countries.The United States insisted that Europe pay the war debts,and that they have nothing to do with German reparations.In actual reality,however,the United States was more "realistic" and "cooperative" when dealing with the issue.