亭林与二曲学术异同简论

亭林与二曲共同经历了明清更迭的“鼎革”,这决定了他们都把明道救世、经邦济世作为其人生追求。在为实现“明学术、正人心”而奋斗时,亭林对理学中的陆王之学持否定的态度, 对朱学则多有继承;二曲对程朱、陆王之学采取的是双谴双取的态度。亭林坚持知识优先性原则,二曲则坚持了道德和价值优先性立场。然而,后人则把亭林定位为清学的开山和奠基者,把二曲定位为“为旧学(理学)坚守残垒”。这种评价自有一定的合理性,但似乎存在脱离他们的现实关怀评价其学术思想之嫌疑。所不同的是:对亭林的评价是将其思想后置的,而对二曲的评价则是将其思想前移的。

On the Different Academic Approaches of GU Yan-wu and LI Yong

Although both witnessed the replacement of the Ming Dynasty by the Manchu Qing and regarded pragmatic social betterment as their life goals, GU Yang-wu and LI Yong approached the philosophies of the past differently: while criticizing LU and WANG, GU saw himself as descending from ZHU Xi; LI Yong, on the other hand, accepted the basic tenets of the CHENGs, ZHU Xi, LU and WANG with considerable reservation. GU placed knowledge before the ethical values while LI did just the reverse. Later scholars missed the point by placing GU at the founding position of the Qing philosophy and LI at the last defensive for the "out-dated rationalism" The paper attempts to put right this conventional evaluation.