我国高考制度变迁及改革路径

高考制度是我国教育制度的基本组成部分,对社会发展具有重要意义。高考制度的形式与内容受到科举制度的深刻影响。高考改革具有典型的路径依赖特征,受到传统文化、政治、经济、知识等因素的制约,其制度结构也是这些因素相互博弈、相互作用的结果。推进高考制度改革,要遵循高考制度变迁渐进性规律,注意与教育改革和社会发展相协调,加强科学研究,逐步扩大高校招生的自主性,增强考试机构的服务性,鼓励考生申报志愿的独立性,减少基础教育评价的依赖性,最终形成多元化的教育考试评价制度。

The Institutional Change of the College Entrance Examination in China and Its Reform Path

The College Entrance Examination （CEE）,as main part of the education system,is very important to the society development in China. The Imperial Examination affects mostly the content and form of CEE. There is a typical character of path dependence in the reform of CEE which is constrained by the traditional culture,politics,finance and knowledge. The structure of CEE system is also the outcome of these factors gamed and impacted each other. We should boost the reform of CEE according the gradual development route of the institutional change. The multi-model educational Examination assessment system is the objective of reform of CEE. In the process of improving,these tactics should be used such as corresponding with the education innovation and society development,escalating the independence of the college admission,strengthening the service of the examination organizations,encouraging the candidates＇ freedom rights on selecting the lifestyle and applying the college,reducing the function of feeding back from the CEE to the foundation education,etc.