城市“外来蓝领”的就业与社会融合

利用中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心2005年7月在广东省惠州市的调查数据,以数家企业中的"外来蓝领"(即工厂、企业中的外来务工人员)为样本,对这些在企业中工作的外来务工人员的就业状况和社会融合进行分析。结果表明,这些"外来蓝领"对务工地的选择并非是盲目的,他们外出的动机开始呈现多元化趋势;随着国家一系列关于农民工培训和保障政策的出台,接受调查的大多数"外来蓝领"与用人单位之间签订了劳动合同,并对合同的内容有一定的了解,然而他们对政府的法规依赖性高,并且由于户口的限制,他们的社会保险在实施层面还存在较大的不足;尽管"外来蓝领"在与社区融合方面表现出较强的能力,但是同城市当地人之间的交流缺乏,造成其社会融合程度低,形成了"蚁巢"现象。

The Occupation and Social Integration of the Immigrated Floating Workers in the City

In July 2005,the Population & Development Research Centre of Renmin University of China conducted a survey on floating workers in Hui Zhou city of Guang Dong province.Based on the survey data,this paper analyzes the immigrated floating people's occupation and their social integration who we called "blue collar" in the city.It is proved that these workers' choice for their destination is not blind,and their motives of going out diversify.Accompany a series of policies about the floating workers' training and social security put into practice by the government,most of the interviewees have signed labor contract with their employers,and they know the content of the labor contracts more or less.However,they highly rely on laws and regulations,at the same time they were restrained by the household registration system.Comparatively big imperfection is still exist in their social security system.Although the floating workers show stronger abilities in terms of community integration,but their lack of communication with urban residents made them low social integration level,and so the "Ant nest" phenomenon formed.