中国计划生育政策反思

中国计划生育政策已经实施三十多年，整体上取得了较好的人口控制效果，基本达到了政策的预期目标。但学界关于计划生育政策得失的争论与调整的呼吁也愈演愈烈。梳理中国计划生育政策形成的背景、过程、内容、法规及配套政策，综观中国计划生育政策的如何评判，可以发现对于计划生育政策，正反两方的观点分歧在于对人口规律和中国未来人口形势的认识不同。坚持政策从严或维持现行政策，是以人口数量与经济社会发展为论据基础的；建议适度放宽政策，是以人为本、调整人口结构与提高人口素质为出发点的；后者更符合我国人口政策实践的实际状况与人口发展的需要。在低生育水平下，尽快调整完善中国的现行计划生育政策非常必要，只有这样，我们才能更好地应对复杂而严峻的人口形势。

Reflection on the Chinese Family Planning Policy

China＇s family planning policy has been implemented for more than 30 years, and it achieved good effect of population control and reached its expected purpose on the whole. Reviewing and summarizing its formative background, process, content, regulations and supporting policies, and surveying such issues as how to judge the policy, academic debate, call for policy adjustment and how to adjust, we found that the difference of the pros and cons connected with the policy was their different awareness of population law and the future situation of China＇s population. To adhere to more strict policy or to maintain the current policy was based on population size and socio - economic development to argue. While, starting point of proposals to re- lax the policy was people - oriented, which is to adjust population structure and improve its quality. The latter was more in accord with the reality, practice of our population policy, and the need of population develop- ment. Therefore, we think that it is necessary to adjust and improve current family planning policy as soon as possible under the low birth rate, and only in this way can we deal with the complex and astringent demo- graphic situation.