科举制下湖南士人的生活和精神状态--以长沙杨恩寿为例

通过对同治年间湖南长沙士人杨恩寿日记的解读,可以深刻地认识到,科举是形成现政权体制内知识分子队伍的制度基石,而科举制度的运作过程却不能避免制度自身的异化,除庞大的失败者队伍中酝酿出现政权的批判者和叛逆者外,更普遍的弊端则是连续的失败打击将坚持在现存体制内谋发展的士子推至精神上的绝境,直至他们背弃从属于该体制的"意识形态的核心--道德论".

Life and Mental Status of Hunan Intellectuals Under Imperial Examination System--Taking Yang Enshou in Changsha as Example

By reading through the dairy of Yang Enshou who was an intellectual from Changsha during the Tongzhi Period, it can be fundamentally realized that, imperial examination system was the foundation stone that formed the intellectual groups within existing political system. However, the operation process of the imperial system could not avoid dissimilation of the system itself. Except for the criticizers and rebels emerged in the groups who failed in the examination, the more common defect was the continuance failure pushed the intellectuals who wanted to develop within existing system to a mental extremities, even forced them abandon the "core of ideology,that is, morality" which belonged to this system.