评估供货量信息的共享在供应链管理中的价值

本文衡量了一种共享供货量信息的信息策略-即供应商向其客户(下游厂商)发布每次供货的具体数量,并通过数学建模以及模拟对此问题进行分析。结果显示,在大多数情况下,这种由信息技术支持的策略有助于供应链中的厂商适应并解决供货量不稳定的问题,供货量越是不稳定,企业越是能够从中获益。但是,当供应商及时稳定地补足缺货时,这种受益并不明显。本文的另一个发现是,供货量信息的共享可以使信息获得者受益,但是可能并不有利于发布者。也就是说,这样的信息共享能够为供应商的客户带来好处,但是供应商本身并不能因此获得显著的额外利益,反而要承担实施成本。这种不对称可能会阻碍企业间信息系统的实施,从而促使供应链成员协调信息沟通的费用,以激励供应商发布信息。我们的研究提供了对供货量信息价值进行量化的途径,同时也能够帮助供应链中的厂商评估他们在信息系统建设中的成本-收益率。

Sharing the Information of Shipping Quantity in a Two-Tier Supply Chain

This paper evaluates the benefit of a strategy of sharing one type of shipment information,where one stage’s every-period shipping quantity is shared with the immediate downstream members,in a supply chain A quantitative model considering a two-stage linear supply chain has been developed for this purpose,following a simulation approach Our results indicate that in most circumstances this strategy,enabled by information technologies,helps supply chain members adapt and resolve shipment uncertainty well The more uncertainty the shipping quantity,the more benefit the organization can gain from such information In the situation of steady supplement to unfulfilled orders,i e when the backlog is received in time,such benefit is not significant Therefore,if a supplier has a good enough order fulfillment track record,sharing such information may be unnecessary Otherwise,faster collaboration and sharing information of shipping quantity among supply chain members via IT may help improve supply chain performance Another finding in this paper is that such information sharing benefits the information receiver but may not benefit the information sender,i e it elevates the cost-benefit trade-off to the downstream member that receives such information while the upstream,which shares such information,faces a trade-off to implement this strategy These differenes amongst participants may cause barriers during implementation It motivates the participants to negotiate a satisfactory share of the information system construction fee The study provides an approach to quantify the value of shared shipment information and to help supply-chain members evaluate their cost-benefit trade-off during information system construction.