《纯粹理性批判》中的本体概念

本体(Noumena)是康德《纯粹理性批判》中的一个重要概念。文章试图通过对对象（Gegenstand）、先验对象（transzendentale Gegenstand）、物自体（Dinge an sich）、显象（Erscheinungen）和现象（Phaenomena）等概念的解析，尤其是它们与本体概念之间的关系，揭示康德在哲学中引入本体概念的重要意义。就其哲学体系而论，从物自体（物）到本体（思想存在体），继而从本体到自由，构成了从理论理性到实践理性的过渡，而本体概念在这两个转换中具有关键作用。

The Concept of Noumena in Critique of Pure Reason

Noumena is an important concept in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason.By the analysis of concepts of object(Gegenstand),transcendental object(transzendentale Gegenstand),things in themselves(Dinge an sich),appearance(Erscheinungen),and phenomena(Phaenomena),this paper tries to reveal the significance of Kant's introduction of the concept of Noumena into philosophy.In terms of Kant's philosophical system,two shifts constitute transition from the theoretical reason to the practical one: the one from things in themselves(body) to Noumena(mental entity) and the other from Noumena to liberty.The concept of Noumena plays a fundamental role in these two shifts.