两汉正史民族史撰述与统一多民族国家的巩固

两汉是中国统一多民族国家的巩固时期,也是中国正史的创立时期.司马迁《史记》和班固《汉书》这两部正史的民族史撰述,明显体现了汉代统一多民族国家的时代特点.从历史编纂而言,两书都重视将民族史撰述作为统一多民族国家的有机整体来加以把握,肯定少数民族对维护大一统政治的作用,具有明显的大一统视野；从民族观念而言,两书的民族认同思想不尽相同,《史记》不斤斤于夷夏之别,肯定华夷各族同源共祖的思想尤为进步,而《汉书》的“异内外”和“德化四夷”的思想则较为正统,却都有助于人们对汉代民族关系的认识和加强对统一多民族国家的巩固.

The History of Nationality Compilations in the Official Histories of the Two Han Dynasties and Consolidation of Unified Multi-National State

The two Han dynasties are the consolidating period in the unification of different nationalities as well as the creation of official history in Chinese history.Shiji of CIMA Qian and Hanshu of BAN Gu show the characteristics of the era of unification of nationalities concerning the compilation of history of nationality.Concerning compilation of history,the two books pay attention to treating history of nationality as part of the organic wholeness of a multi-national state,admitting the contribution of minorities into the unification and showing a unified view.Concerning nationality view,the two books have different opinions with the former neglecting the difference between different nationalities,showing positive aspect by admitting the common origin of nationalities,while the latter has orthodox opinion of "alien and same" and "moralizing minorities".However,the two both contribute to the cognition and consolidation of the unified multi-national state.