对城镇自来水定价的经济学思考

水资源的匮乏已成为全球性的经济问题。用市场价格机制调节人们的用水行为可以保证水资源的利用效率,但是却不能保证公平。借鉴垄断厂商的第二等级差别定价,本文提出了一种可以兼顾效率和公平的城镇自来水定价方法。因为追求目标不同,与垄断厂商的定价刚好相反:对维持生活、生产必需的用水量,制定一个较低的价格以保证公平;对更多的用水量,则逐步制定较高的价格,以实现节约用水。

Economic Reflections on Fixing a Price of Tap Water in Towns

Water resources shortage has become an international economic problem. Using market price mechanism to adjust peoples behavior of using water can guarantee the efficiency of using water resources, but not justice. Using for reference the monopoly manufacturer's second - degree price gap, the article puts forward a way of fixing a price of tap water in towns which can give attention to efficiency and justice. Because the goal to be pursued is not the same, it is just contrary to the monopoly manufacturers fixed price: for the water amount necessary for peoples daily life and production, a lower price should be set to guarantee justice; for the extra water amount, a higher price should be fixed in order to save water resources.