家庭心理需求及其对家庭幸福的影响——基于1 139个家庭的研究证据

为考察中国家庭的心理需求，对1 139个家庭的样本进行了问卷调查。结果发现:中国家庭的心理需求具有明显的层次差异，从低级到高级的顺序分别是存续、安康、和睦、荣耀和兴旺。此外，主导需求层次处于低端的家庭，低级需求的满足对家庭幸福感具有显著影响；主导需求层次位于高端的家庭，高级需求的满足对家庭幸福感具有显著影响。这种基于中国文化背景下的家庭需求层次理论对建设中国幸福家庭具有独特的意义。基于这一理论，中国的幸福型家庭建设应围绕多个方面展开:在各级政府的评价体系中引入民众幸福；倡导基于责任的婚恋关系；大中小学尝试开展幸福课程计划等。

Family's Psychological Needs and Their Impacts on Family Happiness-Empirical Evidence from 1 139 Families

Study of family''s psychological needs is of great importance to improve family happiness. Based on a national questionnaire survey of 1139 Chinese families, the study found that the Chinese families have five hierarchies of psychological needs, which are existence and reproduction, safety and health, harmony, glory and prosperity, ranging from the lower to the higher level. These five psychological needs emerge in a progressive way with the higher-end needs dominating only after the lower-end needs have been satisfied to a certain degree. Results of the regression analyses indicated that these five kinds of needs related to family happiness in a hierarchical way:lower-end needs were found to be significantly related to the happiness of family whose dominating need was at the lower end, while for those families whose dominating need was at the higher end. The higher-end needs were found to be significantly related to their happiness. The Theory of Family''s Psychological Need Hierarchy which is based on Chinese cultures has unique implications for building happy families in China. According to this theory, the following approaches should be taken to achieve family happiness in China: incorporating people''s happiness into the system of government performance appraisal, widely disseminating and promoting the achievements of the science of happiness, remodeling family moral culture and advocating responsibility-based relationship, implementing different kinds of happiness programs to students of different ages at school. As the Chinese people''s happiness is not synchronized with the growth of the national economy, promoting happiness in Chinese family is therefore of great significance in the world today.