论比较利益原理与发展中国家的贸易政策选择

比较利益原理为国际贸易理论研究和政策选择提供了统一的基础性分析框架。然而 ,发展中国家贸易政策选择却长期背离比较利益原理 ,到 2 0世纪 70年代后才逐渐向比较利益原理回归 ,90年代亚洲金融危机后又对比较利益原理的运用重新进行思考。反思上述历史过程 ,我们应注意以下问题 :在贸易理论研究中 ,要使贸易政策理论具有可操作性 ,不能将贸易纯理论简单地等同于贸易政策理论 ,系统的比较研究和实证研究具有重要意义 ,对理论研究中的意识形态因素应加以重视 ;在贸易政策实践中 ,要尽可能排除利益集团的干扰 ,注意汇率制度的配合 ,安排好各项改革措施的先后次序 ,并充分认识国家大小因素对政策规划的影响。

The Principle of Comparative Advantage and the Option of Trade Policy in the Developing Countries

The principle of comparative advantage provides a unifying base for studying the theory of international trade and the option of trade policy. For long the option of trade policy in developing countries has been deviated from the principle of comparative advantage. It was not until the 1970's that it was taken into consideration. In the 1990's when financial crisis occurred in SE Asia it got a yet more consideration. In retrospecting the journey the developing countries have waded carrying with the trade policy they optioned, the writer suggests some considerations to be thought of: (1) It mustn't take the theory of trade policy and the theory of trade to be a simple one; the theory of trade policy bears the quality of operativity. The systematic study of the theory of trade and the positive study of the trade policy are of equal importance; the ideological factors should be taken into account in studying theory. (2) In putting trade policy into practice, it should eliminate the interference of the interest groups, work in concert with the system of exchange rate, and fully recognize the real situation of the state its own.