理性主义,还是自由主义?——评福山的“历史终结论”

在后冷战时代的西方思想界,有两种不同的观点.与亨廷顿的“文明冲突论”相反,同样出身哈佛的日裔美籍学者福山提出了"历史终结论".福山认为随着冷战的结束,西方自由民主社会已无对手,历史的演进过程也已走向完成.但是,历史是否有一终极的理想状态尚有待探讨,自由民主社会亦不是历史的终结点.尤其是支撑福山的观点的、建构在理性主义基础上的普遍史理论,与自由主义在学理上的冲突和经验上的不相容,更是福山的历史哲学与政治哲学的内在矛盾所在.

Rationalism or Liberalism Comment on the End of History of Fuknyama

Two different standpoints existed in the Occidental ideological realm in the late period of Cold War, One was the Culture Confict of Huntington,the other was the End of History of Fuknyama. In Fuknyama's idea,history was coming to end with the ending of Cold War for the Occidental liberal and democratic society had no counterpart. But inqueries are still needed to make if history will come to an ideal end, neither will liberal and democratic society be the end of history. Particularly Fuknyama's universal theory of history based on rationalism to shore up his standpoint constituted intrinsic contradiction between his historical phylosophy and political phylosophy, which conflicts with Liberalism in theory and experience.