基于改进联合采购及配送模型的RFID投资决策研究

随着商品需求差异化加深和物流响应的加快，多品采-配运作效率提升面临挑战。RFID通过实时追踪商品状态实现商品信息全流程共享。但RFID高成本要求在采-配过程中实施RFID需平衡其投资风险和效率回报的关系。因此，本文考虑到实施RFID可提升采-配的订货效率和JIT （Just in Time）效率，研究基于改进联合采购及配送（Joint Replenishment and Delivery，JRD）模型的RFID投资决策问题。改进JRD实现多品联采和多客户联配协同，以RFID投资下总成本最低为目标，获得最佳采购周期和频率。模型通过设计差分进化算法（Differential Evolution，DE）求解，数值实验结果表明：（1） DE在求解精度和速度方面具有优势；（2）实施RFID有助于降低改进JRD模型总成本，但需关注投资规模和回报的均衡；（3）基于JRD全流程的RFID投资效果优于仅部分流程投资效果，且成本越高流程实施RFID的收益潜力越大。

A Study on the RFID Investment Decision Model for the Revised Joint Replenishment and Delivery Problem

The increasing in the customers' requirement diversifications, followed by the quick response changing of logistics, brings great challenges to replenishment-delivery operations under the multi-item circumstance. Radio frequency identification (RFID) helps realize the information sharing in the whole supply chain by tracing the status of products in real-time. However, in light of the high cost of RFID, it is necessary to balance the risks and the returns before systematical investment in the replenishment-delivery processes. Accordingly, under the assumption that RFID implementation helps improve the ordering efficiency and JIT (Just in Time) efficiency, a revised joint replenishment and delivery (JRD) based RFID investment decision model is proposed. Through coordinating the multi-item joint replenishment and multi-client joint delivery, the revised JRD with RFID deployed tries to achieve the minimum total cost, thereby the optimal basic cycle time and the replenishment frequencies of multi-item are obtained. Thereafter, the differential evolutionary (DE) algorithm is applied to solve the proposed JRD model by redesigning its evolutionary process considering the model structure. Numerical experiments reveal the following conclusions:(a) DE has been testified to be an efficient and effective algorithm in searching the optimal results. (b) RFID helps decrease the total cost of the JRD model, but the equilibrium between the investment scale and the returns should not be overlooked. (c) RFID investment in a single process of JRD is worse than that in the whole system, and RFID investment in a high cost sector promises more gaining. This research contributes the literature within the realm of investigating the RFID investment effects to the replenishment-delivery system, and the results can provide certain references for the practitioners to initiate RFID projects.