同群效应对创业活动影响的模型构建与实证

本文从社会个体与群体行为互动的视角研究个体的创业活动决策机理，分析认为，个体因受到周围创业者冒险拼搏精神的影响而进行创业，或者通过与周围创业者交往的社会学习得到与创业相关的技术或者经验从而自身也投入创业，二者均使得创业活动具有同群效应。进一步基于中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）截面数据进行检验的结果显示：（1）个体的创业活动存在显著同群效应，即邻里的创业活动对个体产生了明显的示范作用，带动其投入到创业活动中；（2）信息时代因电视、互联网等媒体传播应用对于传统物理意义上的同群效应存在一定程度的替代。文章采用了工具变量法解决了关联效应和反射性问题对同群效应的估计带来的影响，以确保同群效应的有效识别。上述发现说明，尽管创业活动是市场参与个体的自由选择行为，但各种途径的宣传，包括社区宣传和各种媒体宣传对于推动大众创业有不可或缺的作用。

Peer Effects on Entrepreneurial Activity: Model and Empirical Study

The study of this paper proved that peer effects exist in entrepreneurial activities. After theoretical analysing based on the game model, it is found that individual will make the decision of starting a business due to influence of adventurous and competing spirit of surrounding entrepreneurs, or to the technology and experience gained through social learning during contacting with surrounding entrepreneurs. Both of them make entrepreneurial activities have peer effects. Further empirical study using cross-section data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS) confirmed the above deductionshowing that:(1) the statistically remarkable peer effects in individual entrepreneurial activitiesmeans that entrepreneurial activities of neighborhood have obvious demonstration effect on individuals, which increases their expectation of participation inentrepreneurial activities. (2) applications of media transmission in information era, such as television and Internethave replacement to some extent of peer effects among physical neighbours. In the technical aspect of peer effects identification, we adopt instrumental variable method to suppress interference of correlated effects and reflection problems. The results of this paper indicate that publicities through various channels, including community interaction and various media methods, has indispensable effects in promoting public entrepreneurship,even though entrepreneurial activities are free choice behavior of individual in market participation.