能源价格波动、诱导性技术进步与中国环境全要素生产率

随着能源的"金融属性"日益凸显,科学评估能源价格波动对经济增长和环境改善的综合影响具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文基于参数化的双曲线距离函数,将能源价格因素纳入环境全要素生产率（ETFP）的分析框架,剖析能源价格波动影响ETFP变动的内在机理;在此基础上,运用1995~2015年省际面板数据,考察能源价格诱导性技术进步对我国ETFP提升的促进作用及其时空分异规律,并识别该技术进步的具体偏向类型。研究结果表明：近20年来我国能源价格诱导性技术进步的平均速率为0.22%,其对ETFP变动的提升作用相对较弱,并表现出较强的时空分异特征。此外,从要素投入来看,能源价格诱导性技术进步总体上呈现资本和能源节约—劳动力使用型特征;从产出侧来看,其主要偏向于SO₂的减排,但对CO₂减排和GDP扩张的诱导作用不甚明显。

Energy Price,Induced Technological Change and China's Environmental Total Factor Productivity

In the past few years, the financial character of energy becomes increasingly obvious, and the volatility of energy price presents more complicated feature.An increasing number of researchers focus on the impact of energy price volatility on economic growth, social welfare and environmental quality, respectively. In practice, the increase of energy price will stimulate producers developing energy-saving technologies, which improve productive efficiency and reduce emissions simultaneously. Given that the environmental total factor productivity index (ETFP index) can capture the comprehensive performance of economic growth and environmental protection, energy price-induced technological change (PITC) and its impact on ETFP change in China are investigated. To this end, the hyperbolic distance function is parameterize in a tanslog functional form, where energy price is incorporated. Based on this distance function, ETFP change is decomposed into the three components including technical efficiency change, energy price-induced and exogenous technological change. The effects of energy price-induced to ETFP change is assessed using the dataset for 30 administrative provinces in China over the period 1995-2015. On average, the rate of energy price-induced technological progress at the national level is 0.22% in the past 20 years, and its contribution to ETFP growth is 4.16%. The spatial-temproal variations for PITC are also observed. In addition, the direction of energy price-induced technological change is capital and energy saving and labor using. For the output bias, it is SO₂ emissions reduction during the study period.Finally, some policy recommendations are also put forward on how to enhance China's energy price-induced technological change.