《汉文典》：清末中日文言语法谱系

清末，中日学者编写了一些具有重要影响力的文言语法著作，称为《汉文典》。这些著作的“谱系”类型主要有三种：中国虚词训解和泰西“文法”系；传统“小学”与“文法”结合系；字法、词法、句法、章法综合系。确认清末中日《汉文典》“谱系”，可有效厘清清末中日《汉文典》之间的复杂关系，凸显清末中日《汉文典》的学术脉络主线，认识清末中日《汉文典》的学术创造意义，也可以意识到汉语文言语法教学在汉语国际教育发展史中具有制度上的“正统性”。 从东亚汉语学史视野来看，清末中日《汉文典》“谱系”存在不对称性。希冀在《汉文典》学史的回顾中，找到研究东亚汉语史交错与分离的符号性特征。

Classical Chinese Grammar: The Pedigree of Classical Chinese Grammar in China and Japan in Late Qing Dynasty

With the purpose of confirming the pedigree of Classical Chinese Grammar （Han Wen Dian）, a series of classical Chinese grammar books published in China and Japan in late Qing Dynasty, the thesis is focused on four aspects: the theories in the user's guide or preface, the logical structure of compilation, the presentation of linguistic elements and the functional system, which are the basic criteria of judging and confirming the pedigree. An explicit lineage exists in Chinese and Japanese Classical Chinese Grammar, which can be embodied into three types: (1) Explaining Chinese functional words within a western grammar system, such as Oka's Classical Chinese Grammar （Oka-shi no Shina Bunten） by Oka Sankei, Classical Chinese Grammar: A Secondary Textbook by Ueda Minoru and Intermediate Chinese Grammar （Zhongdeng Guo Wen Dian） by Zhang Shizhao. The characteristic of these books is that the explanations of words refer to the research findings of Chinese scholars, for instance, quotations are taken from Usage of Function Words （Xuzi Yongfa）, a book written by Tang Biaoyi, in Yongzi Mingbian, a chapter in Oka's monograph, on the other hand the theoretical framework is derived from western grammar, like Analytical Grammar of the English Language （Eibunten） by Neo. (2) A combination of traditional philology and grammar, such as Classical Chinese Grammar （Kanbunten） by Igari Konosuke and A Diagrammatic Classical Chinese Grammar （Kanbunten Hyoukai） published by Rokumeikan. These books, with grammar as the main subject investigated, are interspersed with paleography, phonology and exegesis study, showing the tendency of a promotion from philology to modern linguistics. (3) Combining grammar with writing theory, such as Classical Chinese Grammar （Kanbunten） by Kojima Kenkichirou and Classical Chinese Grammar by Lai Yuxun. These books are written in a synthesis of writing theories like words using, sentence making and paragraph organizing with grammar as the main line. The originality of Lai's monograph lies in Chapter 4: ″Literary Theory （Wen Lun）,″ which involves the ″theory, definition, classification, transformation, correction,″ making it move away from Kojima's rhetoric study in the linguistic category to the field of literary technique. By confirming the pedigree of these books, the complex relations between Chinese and Japanese Classical Chinese Grammar can be effectively clarified, the academic connection between them can be highlighted, and the significance of the formation and creation of its academic system can be understood. In the history of Chinese international education, the pedigree has an orthodox position in grammatical teaching methods of classical Chinese. Whereas due to the asymmetry in institutions between China and Japan, the Japanese system shows more maturity. The vitality of Classical Chinese Grammar lies in its continuity. Most of the subsequent classical grammar monographs has a close theoretical relation with it. Studies on the pedigree will help us find the interlaced and separative symbolic traits in Orient Chinese.