研求学术： 民国时期高校教师公派出国制度的演进

培植本国教师是西学东渐过程中近代中国新式高等学校独立自主发展的重要途径。民国时期高校公派教师出国制度发展的动因，最初来自高校学习欧美先进知识的需要，以及力图维持教师国际学术水准和激励教师研求学术的需要。此后，这一制度受到中华教育文化基金会培养中国本土科技领袖人才和国民政府培养中高级建设人才的目标的推动。因为高校教师在高深学术领域相比普通留学生具有明显优势和效益，因而公派高校教师出国制度不断拓展，并与普通公派留学构成互补互通之态势。在政府、高校、中华教育文化基金会的推动下，民国公派高校教师出国的路径逐渐多元化、分层化；公派教师的精英化程度增加，公派目标向更专业、更深入的项目研究演进，资助力度和方式逐渐区别于普通公派留学生；高校教师公派出国以研究学术的特质不断增强，促进民国高等学校学术质量的提升。

Exploration:The Evolution of the System of Sponsoring Faculty at Higher Education Institutions to Study Abroad by Public Funds in the Republic of China

The cultivation of native faculty was an important approach to the independent and initiative developments of the new higher education institutions in the modern China during its transplantation of the western cultures. In the very beginning, the development of the government-sponsored faculty studying abroad program in the Republic of China was motivated by the need of the higher education institutions to learn advanced international knowledge effectively from the USA and Europe, to maintain faculty's international academic level and to inspire native faculty's endeavor into research. Afterwards, this system was under the influence of the efforts by the China Foundation for the Promotion of Education and Culture, which aimed to cultivate China’s local science and technology leading talents, and the influence of the governmental promotion, which proposed to elevate higher-education quality and foster senior experts. Due to the fact that the faculty studying abroad exhibited more advantages and benefits than the general students studying abroad in the advanced academic fields, this system of supporting the high education institutions faculty to study overseas continued to develop, and it grew to complement the system of sponsoring others to study abroad. Under the promotion of government, universities and CFPEC, the way of sending faculty abroad with public funds gradually became diverse and layered, and elitism was enhanced with an aim to further project-oriented disciplinary developments, which resulted in that the system of sponsoring the high education institutions faculty to study abroad eventually differentiated from the general students studying abroad program in terms of sponsorship strength and means. The prominent characteristics of the government-sponsored faculty studying abroad system in the Republic of China was further strengthened and hence elevated the faculty's academic level in higher education.