亲子论辩研究刍议

在亲子互动研究中，学者们更多地关注陈述性和指令性话语，而对论辩性话语缺乏深入探讨。在实践层面上，亲子论辩具有重要的认知和交际功能，能够促进儿童思维能力发展和社会化进程；在理论层面上，亲子论辩话语的独特性能为论辩理论发展提供新的视角。正是基于上述认识，亲子论辩话语逐渐引起了越来越多的关注。当前的亲子论辩研究主要是在社会文化、话语分析、儿童语言习得及语用论辩等理论框架下，采用问卷、量表、音频、视频库建设等研究方法，进行定量和定性相结合的分析。虽然现有研究取得了一定的进展，但尚有较大的提升空间。未来的亲子论辩研究应兼顾影响亲子论辩的诸多因素，从理论的完善性、主体的多样性和场景的丰富性三个维度入手，更为深入细致地探究亲子互动中论辩话语的机制，为亲子论辩提供理论和实践指导。

An Analysis of the Researches on Parent-Child Argumentation

The analysis of the literature shows that the studies on parent-child interaction revolve more around narrative and directive discourses than argumentative ones. Studying on parent-child argumentation is of great value. Practically speaking， arguments in parent-child discussions play an important role in children's cognition and communication， which can improve children's ability to reason and accelerate their socialization. Theoretically speaking， the uniqueness of argumentation between parents and children can bring a new perspective to the argumentation theory study. Therefore， the argumentative discourses between parents and children have attracted more and more attention from scholars in related fields.  The current researches on argumentation between parents and children are mainly based on the Socio-cultural theory， Discourse Analysis theory， Child Language Acquisition theory and Pragma-dialectics theory， carrying out quantitative and qualitative analysis grounded on questionnaire， scale， audio and video recordings. We believe that Pragma-Dialectics has advantages over the other three because of its abundant analytical tools for argumentation. First， Pragma-dialectics has taken in the strengths of the Speech Acts theory and Conversational Implicature theory. Secondly， there is an ideal model with four stages， namely， confrontation stage， opening stage， argumentation stage and concluding stage. Last but not least， there is a brand new concept called strategic maneuvering in Pragma-dialectics， with which rhetorical theory was combined. In the aspect of technology， in order to improve the analysis ability， a standardized and mature method is adopted， which is known as the method of CHILDES international children's corpus construction． While great progress has been made in this area， some aspects remain to be improved. As we know， the study is based on only one researching scene， single subject， and incomplete data corpus， which may make the research results unconvincing. As to the scene， recent study limits the scene to mealtime rather than other scenes，as to the subject， the literatures are mainly about the content and strategy of the parent-children argumentation but little about inter-subjectivity，as to the data corpus， the existing data are not based on Chinese but Italian， Swiss， Swedish. Furthermore， parent-child argumentation is of great complexity and it is inevitable to be influenced by family background （degree of education， financial situation， living conditions）， gender， age， personality traits and so on. As an emerging cross-disciplinary subject， parent-child argumentation studies should take into account the various factors mentioned above， aiming at three objectives of theory perfection， subject variety and scene diversity， to improve the existing studies and to provide novel ideas for future parent-child argumentation studies.