Rational Imitation in 12‐Month‐Old Infants Christiane Schwier,Catharine van Maanen,Malinda Carpenter

Gergely, Bekkering, and Király (2002) demonstrated that 14‐month‐old infants engage in “rational imitation.” To investigate the development and flexibility of this skill, we tested 12‐month‐olds on a different but analogous task. Infants watched as an adult made a toy animal use a particular action to get to an endpoint. In 1 condition there was a barrier that prevented a more straightforward action and so gave the actor no choice but to use the demonstrated action. In the other condition there was no barrier, so the actor had a free choice to use the demonstrated action or not. Twelve‐month‐olds showed the same pattern of results as in Gergely and colleagues' study: They copied the particular action demonstrated more often when the adult freely chose to use the action than when she was forced to use it. Twelve‐month‐olds, too, thus show an understanding of others' intentions as rational choices and can use this understanding in cultural learning contexts.