幕末攘夷开国的两重性选择与倒幕开国之必然

日本德川幕府末期面临着困难的选择。一方面 ,幕府为了保证其封建经济的再生产过程得以顺利进行 ,必须恪守“祖法” ,坚持攘夷 ;另一方面 ,当欧美列强凭借发达的交通工具进逼日本的时候 ,幕府缺乏迎击外敌的经济力量和军事力量 ,而祖法又要求攘夷。处于进退两难境地的幕府被迫开国 ,加入西方条约体系。而开国带来的一系列重大政治经济问题 ,又激起了以“尊王攘夷”为表现形式的国家民族主义观念的勃兴 ,变革幕藩体制作为一个历史方向被提了出来。当攘夷的妄想被西方的炮舰彻底击碎以后 ,攘夷不再是目的 ,而成为尊王攘夷论者推翻幕府统治、推进日本近代化的手段

On the Dual Nature of Excluding the Western Barbarians at the Closing Days of the ToKugawa Shogunate

Tians in the closing period of Tokugawa Shogunate faced difficult choice.On the one hand.in ordel to keep the reproducing course of its feudal economy Bakufu must obey"the traditional law"and adhere to the policy of excluding Western barbarians;on the other hand when the European and American powers were forcing gapan with their advanced communication means,Bukufu had no economical or military power to fight against them but the fraditional law wanted them to fight against the Western barbarians.It was in such a difficult situation that Bakufu had to open the country's door to the western countries and join the system of the west treaty.But with the opening of the door,many political and economic problems arose.These problems awoken the national consciousness,which found expression in holding the mikado in honour and excluding the western countries.Therefore,changing Bakufu and Han system as a historic direction was put forward.When the dream of exclusion was shattered by the western gunboats,the excusion was no longer a purpose,but became a method for those who were faithful to the Mikado,stuck to the exclusion,wanted to overthrow the rule of Bakufu and Han and speeded up the modernization of Japan.