从奏案到奏抄——汉唐间奏事文书形态的演进与行政审批制度的变迁

中国古代帝制国家的政务运行是建立在发达的公文书制度基础上的。各类文书在不同时期有着不同的名称和形态, 其间的变化体现了制度的成长性变革。汉唐之间向皇帝申报政务的公文书中, 有一类大致经历了由“奏”到“奏案”再到“奏抄”的演变。从作为动词的奏到作为文书专名的奏案、奏抄的变化, 正是汉唐间国家政务申报和审批机制变迁的反映。

From "Zou an" to "Zou Chao

In ancient imperialistic China, the running of government affairs was based on developed documental systems. Official dispatches vary, with time, in configuration, reflecting the growing transformation of the system. The change from "Zou,"a verb to "Zou an," to "Zou chao" as proper words, between the Han and Tang Dynasties, is administrative declaration, examination and approval.