《需要、欲望和自我》一书的基本概念和逻辑

一切物包括无机物和植物都有需要,因此需要具有客观性,是物存在和发展的客观条件.其实现形式从无机物的被动,到植物的主动,到动物的欲望,再到人的理性,总的趋势是从客观走向主观.需要和欲望有不同的发展史、本质和价值;欲望是实现需要的一种心理形式;价值是需要而不是欲望的满足及其程度.需要、欲望和价值是该书的三个基本概念.需要是人的客观方面,欲望是人的主观方面,二者的辩证,意味着人的内部矛盾,意味着主体不等于主观,这是该书的基本逻辑.把握人本身,为人的解放确定正确方向,对主体的分析是前提.

Basic Concepts and Logic in Need,Desire and Self

Everything including the inorganic and plant has needs, so needs are not psychological. The content of needs is the condition of existence or development. The way to realize need develops from passiveness of the inorganic to ac- tiveness of plant,then to desire in animal, and ultimately to man＇s intelligence, i. e. from objectivity to subjectivity, from natural to psychological phenomena. Need differs in respect of history, content and value from desire which is a psychologi- cal form to the satisfaction of needs. Value is necessarily the satisfaction of need not desire. In this book, need, desire and value are three basic concepts. It embodies the logic that dialectics between need as man＇s objective aspect and desire as subjective aspect implies man＇s intrinsic contradiction and that subject goes beyond subjectivity. As a consequence ,to grasp man, and to lay right direction for man＇s liberation is the prerequisite for the analysis of subject.