试析当前国际关系理论中的民族国家定位:一种比较视角

就民族国家在国际体系中的角色定位而言,当前国际关系理论具有代表性的有三派观点:一派坚持传统的国际体系观,认为民族国家应该而且正占据着主体地位,例如(新)现实主义;第二派以全球化理论为代表,认为随着资本主义市场经济的扩张,后现代的国际体系由于民族国家与市场经济的二元对立而处于动态的过程之中,民族国家及其主权特性终将消亡;第三派观点以“两枝世界政治论”和“新中世纪主义”为代表,认为民族国家与非国家行为体在当前的后国际体系中对立统一、相互竞争而又长期并存。由于民族国家与主权的同体性特征,其角色定位问题与是否遵循“主权至上”原则密切相关,因此必须明确全球化背景下民族国家在国际关系理论中的角色定位。

An Inquiry into and Analysis of the Position of Nation-States in Modern Theory of International Relations

In modern theory of the international relations, there are three opinions on the position of nation-state. The traditional opinion holds that nation-state is the center in the international system. Globalization theories suggest that nation-state is facing great challenges. Both bifurcated structure of world politics and new medievalism have quite different views on the position of nation-states. This paper aims to explicit the roles of nation-states in international relations under the circumstances of globalization, and puts forward the judgments on the three opinions.