Depression in later life: A closer look at the gender gap |
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| Institution: | 1. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;2. Department of Sociology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;3. Department of Neurology, Public Health and Disability, Italian National Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta” Foundation IRCCS (Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico), Milan, Italy;4. Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland;5. Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medical Sociology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland;6. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland;7. Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain;8. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain;9. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Gender differences in depressive symptoms have been extensively documented, with women reporting a higher number of depressive symptoms than men. However, studies offer different explanations for why such a gap exists. The goal of the current paper is to analyze how much of the observed gender gap in depression may be attributed to (1) compositional versus (2) reporting differences or (3) differences in reactivity to adversities. We contribute to this literature by testing, net of compositional differences, whether the relationship between reporting behavior and depressive symptoms is gendered and whether accounting for the possibility of gender-specific reactivity alters the structure of the gender gap at older ages. Our results show that the observed gender gap in depression (1) only partially derives from compositional differences; (2) is not an artifact of a gender-specific reporting style; and remarkably (3) men appear more sensitive to adversities. |
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| Keywords: | Depression Gender gap Reporting style Depressive symptoms Physical symptoms SHARE |
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