中国近代教会大学科技类专业设置演变(1901—1936)

19世纪末20世纪初,国外传教士办的从小学到大学的三级教育体系,在近代中国政府的教育体制之外形成。16所教会大学中的14所,是从教会中学发展而来的。除了少数几所医科大学外,普通教会大学的学位课程一般是文科,但这个文科的定义与现在的不一样,理科也包含于文科中。后来课程增多,程度提高,文理分开组成系,20年代末设立文理学院。教会大学的学科多设文理科及医科,很少开设工科。后期受中国政府的管理与影响,为了适应国人的需求,少数学校开设了工科专业。农科是个例外,因为传教士进入中国时就有服务农村的思想,当时国内大学中农学质量水平最高的是教会大学之一的金陵大学农科。教会大学的医学教育成绩,同样令人瞩目。

Specialties of Mission's Universities in Modern China

At the end of 19th century and at the beginning of 20th century,overseas boanerges established education system from primary school to universities in modern China.In 20s of 20th century,16 mission's universities had been found in China.Most of these universities were found from Christian middle schools.At the beginning there were few student major college courses.At later stage the subjects were added and the lever rise.Mission's Universities offered liberal arts curriculums,only a few had medicine colleges.The liberal arts were not the same mean as it is in nowadays.Arts included science courses at that time.At later time science major were apart from arts department.That is to say,most of the 16 mission's universities had arts,medicine and theology colleges because Christian universities in middle century in Europe had these subjects.Few Christian universities in modern China found engineering subjects.Chinese Christian universities enjoyed more freedom before 1930.Under the influence of policy drawn by Chinese government and in order to survival among many national universities,a few Chinese Christian universities found engineering specialty in later stage.Agriculture was exception because boanerges wanted to serve Chinese country sides when they set foot on China.University of Nanking was of the highest level in Chinese agriculture education.We must focus attention upon medicine education in modern Chinese universities too.They contribute more to Chinese health and to Chinese early medicine education.