宗族与风俗:明代中后期社会变迁的缩影——以浙江余姚江南徐氏为例

明嘉靖万历时浙江绍兴府余姚地区的社会风俗变化很大,并深刻影响到生活方式以及人们的观念。嘉靖时徐天泽将风俗的变化归结为人们的"物欲",在讲求"义"的伦理政治下,"物欲"表现出的"利"对于社会的冲击无疑是巨大的。人们不再安分守己,以满足欲望为追求。余姚江南徐氏在明代由于科举人才辈出,引人注目。地方志从批判的角度记载风俗奢靡,编纂者号召人们移风易俗,反映了地方官的意志以及地方绅士的主张。最值得注意的是,士大夫通过宗族建设来移风易俗,维护社会秩序,造成宗族乡约化,进而组织化。

Clans and Customs: The Epitome of Social Changes in the Late Mid Period of the Ming Dynasty,Taking the XU Family in Yuyao County of Zhejiang Province as Example

In Jiajing and Wanli periods of the Ming Dynasty,social customs had changed greatly in Yuyao area,Zhejiang province.This changes deeply influenced people's life style and idea.In Jiajing period,Xu Tianze concluded the changes of customs to material desires which manifested itself as Li(interests)and certainly made a great impact on society in the ethical politics striving for Yi(righteousness).People were no longer content with their lots and act their parts,but to meet their desires.The XU family in Yuyao was conspicuous because many members of this family were success in civil examinations.The extravagant customs were accounted critically in the local gazetteers.The compiler called on people to change prevailing habits and customs reflecting the views of the local magistrates and gentlemen.What especially noted was that scholar-officials changed prevailing habits and customs and maintained public order from building clan,which made clan combined with community covenant and organized.