Educational Mismatch of Graduates: a Multidimensional and Fuzzy Indicator |
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Authors: | Gianni Betti Antonella D’Agostino Laura Neri |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Quantitative Methods, University of Siena, Siena, Italy;(2) Department of Statistics and Mathematics, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy |
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Abstract: | In this paper we attempt to measure the educational mismatch, seen as a problem of overeducation, using a multidimensional
and fuzzy methodology. Educational mismatch can be difficult to measure because many factors can converge to its definition
and the traditional unidimensional indicators presented in literature can offer a restricted view of the problem. We discovered
two dimensions that properly define overeducation. The first includes information regarding job satisfaction, the use of expertise
and the coherence between study and work, but also the measure on which the traditional indicator is based and the second
concern earning aspects. We then calculate a degree of membership to the set of overeducated workers using the defined dimensions.
We believe that in this manner we can partially overcome the rigidity of the traditional measures. Our findings suggested
that generally women have a degree of mismatch higher than men and the graduates in Pharmacy, Medicine and Engineering are
the least overeducated in terms of the first dimension, even if in terms of the earnings dimension they have similar mismatches
to the other fields of education. Self-employment and collaboration contracts reduce overeducation when the first dimension
is considered; on the other hand, when the second dimension is taken into account graduates with collaboration contracts are
the most mismatched out of those having a job. Additionally, university reform introduced in the academic year 2001–2002 in
the Italian higher education system is shown as not contributing to a reduction of the overeducation phenomenon. |
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