孟子心性论的逻辑架构

在战国中期的人性论思潮中 ,不同于告子 ,孟子认为 ,完整的人性结构包括义理当然性之性、生物性之性两个部分 ,其中前者居于关键地位。通常所说的“性善论” ,实际说的就是义理当然性之性是善的。性善论也具体地展开为两个方面 :“性本善”涉及了本体问题 ,解答了道德实践所以可能的超越客观的根据 ;“性向善”涉及了功夫问题 ,解答了道德实践所以可能的内在主观的根据。为了进一步彰显性善论的道德激励功能 ,孟子继而原创性地开启了“以心善言性善”的基本思路 ,并揭示了“四心”与“四德”的微妙关联 ,最后把“本心”既解释为本体论的实在 ,又解释为存在的过程

The Logical Structure of Mencius' Heart and Nature Theory

In the human theory ethos of the middle of the Warring States Period,Gaozi's viewpoint about human nature is different from Mencius'.Mencius thinks that the integrated structure about human nature includes two parts:the nature of the proper nature for goodness and the nature for life,between which,the former one has the crucial status."The theory that the human nature is kind" we usually speak of is actually to say,that the nature of the proper nature for goodness is kind.Specifically speaking,"the theory of the human nature's kindness" consists of two parts:the theory that "the human nature is properly kind" involves the problem for essence,solving the basis for transcending objects,for which the moral practice is possible.The theory that "the nature is inclined to the goodness"involves the problem for practice,solving the basis for pursuing for the internal subjects.In order to make the moral and hortative function of the theory of the human nature's kindness come to light further,Mencius then creates the fundamental idea of "probing the goodness of nature through the goodness of heart" for the first time,and reveals the subtle relationship between "the four hearts" and "the four moralities",and in the end,he expounds "the intrinsic heart" not only in a way of the ontology existence,but also in a way of the existent course.