现象学社会学的生命历程

面对韦伯所谓“现世的祛魅”所引发的共同时代问题,使此前由胡塞尔创建的现象学对欧洲诸经验科学产生了更为广泛的影响。现象学社会学虽然蕴含着多种可能进路,但长期以来只被当成舒茨作品的“代名词”。这种误识不仅遮蔽了现象学社会学的实情,而且阻滞了对其他现象学社会学进路的探索。本文将现象学社会学置于现象学运动的情境之中,试图阐明其发生之初蕴含的多种可能之样式,重点考察作为现象学社会学“正统”范例的胡塞尔-舒茨式进路由欧洲发生到北美发展乃至式微的生命历程。本文虽然偏重对胡塞尔-舒茨式进路的梳理,但也试图揭示拓展现象学社会学之可能,希望这种奠基性工作能激发对其他现象学社会学进路的探索。

The Life-course of Phenomenological Sociology

Phenomenology is a philosophical thought originated in Europe. The common problems of the day brought by Weber's so-called "the disenchantment of the world" made phenomenology a widely influential force on various empirical sciences. Though the blend of phenomenology and sociology initially brought about a variety of potential approaches, for a long-time phenomenological sociology is simply regarded as a synonym for Alfred Shutz's works. This narrow interpretation not only generated a misunderstanding of phenomenological sociology, but also obscured the historical facts of its development, and possibly hindered the exploration of other potential approaches of phenomenological sociology. In this paper, the birth of phenomenological sociology will be placed in the context of the Phenomenological Movement, and the various possible approaches implied at the beginning of phenomenological sociology will be explained. By focusing on the Husserl-Schutzian approach, the apparent paradigm of phenomenological sociology, this paper outlines the life-course of the Husserl-Schutzian phenomenological sociology from its occurrence in Europe to its development, decline and aftermath in North America. Although the history of the Husserl-Schutzian approach in North America is the focus here, the paper also discusses the inherent possibility of exploring other potential approaches of phenomenological sociology, and to some extent, points to the possible direction such exploration might lead. It is hoped that this study will stimulate comparative study of phenomenological sociology in Europe and the United States, inspire exploration of other possible approaches, and thus help enhance our understanding of phenomenological sociology.