康德自由理论的两个前提

康德的自由理论虽然涉及不同的自由主体,但他真正关心的还是"理性的自由"。为此需要对康德的自由主体进行辨析。在由众多的自由主体而产生的众多的自由概念中,"先验自由"是核心。关于先验自由,康德是从因果关系的角度立论的,这使得先验的自由具有主动性、可解释性以及自律性的特征。意志的自由与想象力的自由由于都是奠立在先验自由的基础上,因而也表现出"自律"的特征。对自由主体的区分以及从因果关系的角度讨论自由问题,是康德自由理论的两个前提。

Two Premises of Kant's Theory of Freedom

Though Kant's theory of freedom concerns with different subjects of freedom,what he really cares for is still the freedom of reason.So it is necessary to make a clear distinction among these subjects of freedom.Among these different concepts of freedom,which are the results of the different subjects of freedom,the most important one is still the transcendental freedom.Kant begins his argumentation for transcendental freedom with causality,and this makes transcendental freedom be characterized by three marks,i.e.activity,explicability and autonomy.Since the freedom of will and imagination are both based on the transcendental freedom,so they obtain the character of autonomy,too.Kant's distinction among the subjects of freedom and his causality-orientation of the concept of freedom are two basic premises of his theory of freedom.