农户兼业及其对农地承包经营权流转的影响

本文兼顾日本和我国农村固定观察点兼业标准,提出了划分农户兼业的新标准。文章分析了我国农户兼业的地区差异和阶段性差异两大特征,将农户兼业分为前期成长、中期平稳发展和后期分化3个阶段,并据此推断我国农业生产的兼业化与专业化并存会成为一种常态。文章认为我国农地流转呈现流转规模逐年增长、地区差异明显和流转主体趋向多元等3大特征,并利用Logit模型和多元线性回归模型,重点分析了农户兼业对农地流转的影响。回归结果表明:简单地认为农户兼业会妨碍农地流转是不妥当的,有些地区兼业农户参与农地流转的概率并不必然显著低于纯农户和非农户;农户农地转出比重与农户兼业程度呈现U型曲线关系。模型结果显示一些地方农地转出受到了行政干预。文章最后提出5点政策建议。

The Part-time Work of Farmers and its Impact on the Use Rights Transfer of the Agricultural Land

Based on the part-time farming criteria of both Japan and the Office for Fixed-site Rural Survey,a new criterion for differentiating the part-time job of rural households(PTJORH) has been made in this paper.We have,in this paper,analyzed the characteristics of the regional and staged differences of China's PTJORH,divided the PTJORH into three stages: the prophase growing up,the metaphase smooth development and the anaphase polarization,and accordingly made the inference that the coexistence of the generalized part-time working with the specialization thereof in China' agricultural production will become a permanent status.In our opinion,the transfer of China's farmland has 3 characteristics: the scale of this transfer grows every year,the regional differences are noticeable,and the main parts tend to being various.By means of the Logit model and the linear regression model,we have mainly analyzed the impact of the PTJORH on the transfer of farmland.The results of the regression shows that it is not proper to simply think that the PTJORH will restrain the transfer of farmland,that the probability,in some areas,of the participation of agricultural households and the probability of the farmland transfer is not necessarily obviously lower than that of the full-time ones,and that the relationship between the ratio of the farmland transfer of agricultural households and the degree of part-time farming of agricultural households has the shape of U.The results of our study also indicate that,in recent years,the transfer of the farmland has been intervened by the administrative power.Finally,we have put forward 5 suggestions about polices.