企业拯救文化与破产法律制度的发展——基于英国破产制度最新变革的分析

破产法的发展呈现从惩罚到拯救的样态,拯救文化的兴起和迅速发展使得对危困企业的拯救成为破产制度构建的一个关键点。英国《2020年公司破产和治理法案》是对拯救文化的进一步弘扬和落实,其中包括对破产制度的常态化改革及应对新冠肺炎疫情的暂时性规定,建立了临时中止制度,引入了重组计划,并加强了对货物和服务供应的保障。该法案的暂时性规定包括暂停不正当交易条款的使用和对清算申请的暂时限制等。我国破产制度的修改和完善应更加关注拯救文化,将其作为企业拯救制度构建的出发点和落脚点,以加强相关立法的内在一致性。同时,应审时度势,通过迅速采取相关临时举措对特定历史时期的重大经济社会情势作出有效回应。

A Study on the Rescue Culture and the Development of Bankruptcy Legal System:Based on the Analysis of the Latest Changes of Bankruptcy System of the United Kingdom

The function of bankruptcy law gradually developes from punishment to rescue.The rise and rapid development of the rescue culture makes the rescue of distressed enterprises a key point in the construction of the bankruptcy system.Corporate Insolvency and Governance Bill 2020 of the United Kingdom is a further promotion and implementation of the rescue culture,which includes the general reformation of the bankruptcy system and the temporary provisions to respond to COVID-19.This bill establishes the new moratorium rules,introduces restructuring plan,and strengthens the protection for supply of goods and services.The temporary provisions of the bill include suspending the use of unfair transaction terms and temporary restriction on liquidation application.More attention should be paid to the rescue culture in the process of revising and improving China’s bankruptcy system,taking it as the starting and ending points for the construcation of the corporate rescue system so as to strengthen the internal consistency of the relevant rules.At the same time,it is necessary to take timely temporary measures to effectively respond to the major economic and social situation changes in a particular historical period.