论《镜花缘》中科幻小说之特色

清代长篇小说《镜花缘》的内容丰富多彩,其类属和特点也比较多样。鲁迅说它属博物小说,才艺小说;胡适称它为妇女问题小说,女权小说,等等。此外,小说还描写了一些精彩的科幻故事,包括科幻植物如人吃一颗饱一年的巨米,人吃了能蹿高的蹑空草,长效久饱干粮救荒豆末;包括科幻器物如人穿上能长时间潜水的皮衣皮裤,能连续高速开火的火绳枪—连珠枪,能载人载货飞行的飞车;包括科幻技术,如人能近地但不触地地行进,换心补肺的医术。文章从科学、文学、历史几方面对上述科幻故事进行了考察、解读、诠释、分析、评论,研究总结出：《镜花缘》也具科幻小说之属性和特点,是我国第一部也进行了科学幻想文学创作的长篇小说。

The Characteristics of Science Fiction in Jinghuayuan (Flowers in the Mirror)

The content of the novel Jinghuayuan（Flowers in the Mirror） in Qing Dynasty is rich and colorful, and its classification and characteristics are more diversified also. Mr. Lu Xun said that it belongs to a novel of natural science, and of talent and learning;Mr.Hu Shi called it a novel of woman problem, or of woman＇s rights,and so on. Besides, this novel describes some brilliant science fiction stories too, that includes the science fiction plants such as a giant rice which is eaten by a person and he isn＇t hungry for a year; a herb of Niekong which is eaten by a person and he can jump high and long very much; a solid food of the soybean flour for relieving famine which endures effect very long. They comprise the science fiction implements such as a leather costume which is put on by a person and she（he） can dive very long; a matchlock called Lianzhu（drumfire） which can fire continually and speedy; a flying vehicle which can carry passenger and cargo; and they comprise technologies of science fiction that people can move forward nearing ground instead of touching it; and people＇s heart and lung can be transplanted and mended by a medical skill. This paper investigates, interprets, annotates, analyses and comments those science fiction stories from the views of science, literature and history. It concludes： Jinghuayuan has got the characteristics and attributes of science fiction also, and is the first novel which carries on literary creation of science fiction in China.