从汉画像石看两汉牛耕技术的进步——兼论两汉时期南方地区的牛耕问题

两汉是中国农业发展的重要时期,其突出的表现就是牛耕的推广及牛耕技术的进步,但是对于这一时期的牛耕技术进步的具体形态学术界尚有不少分歧。我们可以相关文献资料中的画像石牛耕图为基本依据,系统考察汉代牛耕技术所涉及的犁铧、耕牛、耕作方式等诸多方面的形态因素,探讨两汉农业发展的基本原因。西汉时期南方地区尚未出现牛耕,直至东汉中期以后南方地区的牛耕才得到普遍推广。

The Development of Ox-farming in the Han Dynasty Seen from the Pictures Carved in Stones

The Han Dynasty is the important period for the development of Chinese agriculture, when ox-farming was widely in practice and achieved some improvement. However, the academic circle still has some disagreements as against the specific situation of ox-farming in this period. The ox-farming pictures carved in stones found to have occurred in the Han Dynasty make an important basis for in- vestigating the skill of ox-farming in the Han Dynasty. The findings show that ox-farming did not ap- pear until the mid of Eastern Han Dynasty in the south of China.