自我参照加工的程度效应及其研究展望

自我参照效应（self-reference effect）是指当信息与自我概念有关时，个体会进行快速的加工和更好的记忆。大量的中西方研究关注的是自我的类型，基本都是以自我和非自我刺激激活个体行为和神经层面上的反应来考察自我参照效应，并没有考虑到刺激与自我的相关程度如何。在现实生活中，刺激与自我的接近程度不同，对于个体而言往往意义也会不一样。对比低自我相关刺激，高自我相关刺激对个体有更大的生理和社会意义，会得到大脑更精细的加工。来自临床心理研究的证据表明，抑郁症、焦虑症等心理疾病都有其认知失调的根源，与患者的内隐自我信息加工方式有着直接的联系。借鉴这些特殊个体的自我参照加工的研究结果，可以有效地了解这些特殊个体的本质问题，帮助他们找到认知失调的根源，引导他们做出有利于自我成长和发展的归因，为抑郁、焦虑等领域的预防和治疗提供新的视角。

A Survey and Prospect of Researches on the Degree of Self-reference Effect

The self-reference effect is defined as the fast processing and memory advantage for materials that have been processed in relation to the self. In Western culture background, self-reference processing was divided into individual and collective self-reference processing or physical and psychological self-reference processing. However, all these studies have considered self-reference effect as the behavioral or neural activation differences between self-relevant and non-self-relevant stimuli, failing to take into account the degree of self-relevance. Future research issues will focus on high self-relevant stimuli possessing with greater biological and social significance to individuals than low self-relevant stimuli.