海上执法中武力使用问题研究

我国海上执法主体以海警为主,海事、海军为辅。一般来说,海上执法时如遇有以下情形可以使用武力：行使自卫权、行使执法权受阻和打击海上犯罪。海上执法中的武力使用应当符合“必要且合理”的原则,并按照国际通常程序进行,即使用武力的警告、进行警示性射击直至对船体的武力打击。武力使用必须根据有关授权、依照国家的法律法规、军队的条令和条例进行,并按照规定程序请示报告。同时,海上执法中的武力使用还要受我国批准或加入的国际条约、国际习惯和联合国安理会决议的约束,使用武力不当造成损害的,由国家承担相应的法律责任。

Researches on the Use of Force in Maritime Law Enforcement

China＇ s maritime law enforcement is mainly based on maritime police, supplemented by maritime or- ganizations and the navy. In general, force may be used if encountered the following situations, during maritime law enforcement： when performing the right of self - defense; hampered when performing the law enforcement power, and combating the crime at sea. Even in the use of force to show one＇s warning against illegal activi- ties, the process of using force should comply with the principle of ＂ necessary and reasonable＂ and should be carried out in accordance with international usual procedure. It must follow the relevant mandate, the national laws and regulations and the rules and regulations of the army, and should ask for permission in accordance with the prescribed procedures before each action and report afterward. Meanwhile, the use of force in maritime law enforcement should not only be restrained by the international treaties, but by international custom and the reso-lutions of the United Nations Security Council as well, which are approved or joined by China. The country should also take corresponding legal responsibility when using force improperly which causes damages.