第二国际关于资本主义现代形态理论的当代审视——兼论列宁经典帝国主义理论的贡献和缺陷

从19世纪末开始到第一次世界大战前夕,是马克思主义的资本主义批判理论由经典形态向现代形态理论过渡的时期。在这一时期,第二国际理论界异常活跃、创见迭出,最后形成了分别以鲁道夫.希法亭、罗莎.卢森堡和卡尔.考茨基为代表的现代资本主义理论。后来以列宁为代表的马克思主义经典帝国主义理论,正是在基本继承希法亭、部分借鉴卢森堡、全盘否定考茨基的基础上完成的。从当代视角重新审视第二国际理论家研究成果的是非得失,对于我们全面认识列宁经典帝国主义理论的历史功绩和历史局限,更加准确地把握当代资本主义的本质和规律,有着十分重大的理论和实践意义。

Critique of Capitalism in Second International: From a Contemporary Perspective——With a Comment on Strengths and Weaknesses of Lenin''s Classic Theory of Imperialism

From the end of the 19th century to the eve of the World War I, the Marxist critique of capitalism transformed from the classic exemplar to the contemporary one. During this period, the intellectuals of the Second International turned to be very active, pouring out ideas of originality. Consequently, such schools of capitalist theory came into being as represented by Rudolf Hilferding, Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Kautsky respectively. The theoretical heritage from Hilferding's (partly from Luxemburg's) and overtly denial of Kautsky's resulted in Marxist classic theory of imperialism as represented by Lenin. It is theoretically and practically significant that we recognize the strengths and weaknesses of Lenin's classic theory of imperialism in a historical perspective, so as to tell the nature and the development of contemporary capitalism in a more scientific way.