国际航运中心的变迁与发展模式研究——基于史料的案例分析

13世纪以来,阿姆斯特丹、伦敦、纽约、中国香港和新加坡等公认的国际航运中心的变迁与发展史实表明,国际航运中心的变迁与发展模式主要受到社会信息技术条件的影响,具体表现为20世纪50年代之前基本遵循以货物为基础的传统国际航运中心发展模式,其后在伦敦国际航运高端服务业锁定与辐射效应的影响下,其他各地航运产业的发展呈现出不同的发展模式,而特定地区的航运中心发展模式则与当地的区位条件与腹地制造业基础、政府的决策逻辑及船东企业活动三者有关。因此,上海国际航运中心建设应遵循以政府宏观政策推动为主导,以"航运"管"航运"为行业治理准则,以企业家精神为微观动力的发展模式,集中优势资源,有序促进航运产业核心要素的差异化集聚。

Research on the Transfer and Development Mode of International Shipping Center --A Case Study Based on Historical Literature Review

In this research, we employ case study, which is based on historical literature review, to analysis the transference and development of international shipping center （ISC） from the 13th century to nowadays. We argue that the development of information technology has an impact on the ISC shifting process. Before 1950s, ISC development follows the traditional mode based on cargo flow. After 1950s, affected by lock-in effect of the shipping service industry of London, the development of shipping industry in other areas shows different evolution models. And the specific mode of a given area has a relationship with the ＂ geographic conditions and the hinterland manufacturing base＂, ＂ the decision-making logic of government＂ and ＂activities of ship-owners＂. Finally, taking the regional conditions into consideration, we make some suggestions on the principleof the Shanghai ISC building in the next stage.