Pathological Gambling in Estonia: Relationships with Personality,Self-Esteem,Emotional States and Cognitive Ability |
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Authors: | Pille-Riin Kaare René Mõttus Kenn Konstabel |
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Institution: | (1) Centre of Problem Gambling, Liivalaia 21-47, 10118 Tallinn, Estonia;(2) Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia;(3) The Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Tartu, Estonia;(4) National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia |
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Abstract: | Due to changes in gambling accessibility during the last decade gambling has become more widespread in Estonia and the prevalence
of pathological gambling has sharply increased. The present study attempts to identify psychological characteristics of Estonian
pathological gamblers. It has been shown that a wide range of social, economic, and individual factors (e.g. personality traits
and emotional states) predict the likelihood of becoming a pathological gambler. In the present study, pathological gamblers’
(N = 33) personality traits, self-esteem, self-reported emotional states and cognitive ability were compared to the respective
characteristics in a non-gambling control group (N = 42) matched for age, gender and educational level. It was found that compared to controls, pathological gamblers had higher
scores on Neuroticism (especially on its immoderation facet) and lower scores on Conscientiousness (especially on its dutifulness
and cautiousness facets) and on self-esteem scale. They reported more negative emotional states during the previous month
(especially depression and anxiety). Finally, pathological gamblers had lower general cognitive ability. In a logistic regression
model, the likelihood of being a pathological gambler was best predicted by high immoderation score and low cognitive ability.
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Keywords: | Gambling Pathological gambling Personality Cognitive ability Self-esteem |
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