德国的“马伯里诉麦迪逊案”的启示

二战后的德国基本法和联邦宪法法院法赋予德国联邦宪法法院历史上前所未有的宪法审查权。时隔不久的1951年，德国联邦宪法法院受理了宪法审查的“第一案”。该案涉及联邦议会根据基本法第118条通过的涉及巴登、符腾堡-巴登、和符腾堡-霍亨左伦三州区划调整的《区域调整法》的合宪性问题。德国联邦宪法法院在解释和判决方法上大胆借鉴美国经验：但与美国违宪审查第一案相比，联邦宪法法院也汲取学说和判例之菁华创造出独特的宪法解释和适用原则，为德国宪法审查原理和方法的发展拉开了序幕，被称为德国的“马伯里诉麦迪逊案”。德国的宪法审查“第一案”对正在孕育中的我国宪法审查制度无疑具有深刻的启迪。

Enlightenment of Case Marbury v. Madison in Germany

After Wodd War Ⅱ, the Basic Law of German Federal Republic and the Law of the Federal Constitutional Court granted unprecedented jurisdiction of constitutional review to the Federal Constitutional Court. Almost meanwhile, in 1951, the court received its first case. The case involved the constitutionality of two reorganization laws concerning the reorganization of Baden, Wurttumberg-Badenand and Wurttemberg-Hohenzollern, which were made according to article 118 of the Basic Law. In interpreting the constitution and making decision, the Federal Constitutional Court drew on the experience of U.S. Supreme Court; but compared with U.S., the court created unique tenets of constitutional interpretation and implementation from its domestic doctrine or case law, and paved way for the construction of the principles and methods of Germany＇s constitutional review. The case was also called German ＂Marbury v. Madison＂. Undoubtedly, the first case in Germany will deeply illuminate China＇s constitutional review system in gestation.