理学在南宋宁宗朝的境遇

理学的兴起 ,直接关系到当时士大夫阶层的权力再分配 ,拥护者将其推崇为圣贤之学 ,反对者称其矫揉造作 ,沽名钓誉 ,纯属“伪学” ,士林中主理学与反理学两种势力在宁宗时的争斗已臻于白热化的程度 ,韩胄利用取得的政治权力为消弥理学在朝野的政治地位和社会影响 ,积极支持自己的亲信及对理学不满的臣僚对理学家大加政治报复 ,酿成两宋历史上第二次政治文化大清剿。其原因不外二端 ,一是理学的那种绝对不宽容性 ,容易遭受对手的打压 ,二是最高统治者对统治思想的抉择是相当慎重的 ,他们对思想领域中的新东西 ,往往有一种不信任感和恐惧感。因此在发生以争权夺利为实质的人事纠纷时 ,就自然出现统治者和在野思想家之间的对立。

Li Hisueh in the NanSong NingZhong Danysty

The rising of Li-hsueh has a direct bearing on the redistribution of power in the class of scholar-officals in the NanSong NingZhong danysty. The advocates extol it as saint's learning, while the oppositions assert that Li-Hsueh fishes for fame and compliment. so that it is just a heterodoxy. The fight of this two contending sides rise to fever pitch in the NingZhong's danysty. Han Tuozhou takes advantage of his political power to reduce the social nifluence and the political position of Li-Hsued in the whole nation. He supports his trusted follower and other court officals which show displeasure to Li-Hsueh vigorously to make political reprisal to the Li-Scholar. It leads to the second clean-up of politics and culture in the Song danysty. There are two reasons: one is that Li-Hsued is so absolutely untolerant that it's subjected to get attack from its enemies, the other is that the highest ruling class is cautious to make a choice in selecting the ruling thoughts. They feel afraid and untrustworthy when the new thoughts rise. So when the personal disputes occur, the essence of which is to fight for power and right, the contradiction between the ruler and the Li-scholar who is out of the officlal will naturally appear.