加拿大立法过程中的公众咨询制度考察

加拿大立法过程中的公众咨询制度萌芽于上个世纪30年代,在60年代时因涉及环境规划的问题逐步确立了公众咨询制度,上个世纪末加拿大通过一系列文件完善了这种制度。实践中,公众咨询程序一般经历这样几个步骤:咨询目标的确立、咨询计划的拟定、咨询通知的发布、公众评议的征集、咨询报告的形成以及咨询意见的反馈等。该程序的典型特色是注重咨询方式的多元化,注重结果的跟进与评估,注重更为实质的参与以及注重程序本身的公开与透明,从而被评价为OECD成员国的"最佳实践"。

The public consultation system in the legislation in Canada

The public consultation system in the legislation in Canada goes back to the 1930s.In the 1960s,it took shape due to its involvement in environmental planning.In the late 20th century,Canada issued a series of legal documents,thus greatly improving this system.In practice,it is generally conducted as follows: setting the consultative goals,drawing up the consultative plans,issuing consultative notices,collecting public comments,preparing the consultative reports and providing feedback on consultative opinions.This system emphasizes and encourages the various consultative methods,the follow-up and evaluation of the results,the active public participation,and openness and transparency of the system.Thanks to these defining characteristics,the system has been cited as the "best practice" among those of the OECD members.