摄影术传入晚清中国的途径

1839年8月19日,法国政府正式宣布摄影术诞生。时至今日,前人已从史实、艺术或技术等方面对摄影术做了较多研究,但其中关于摄影术是如何传入中国的讨论甚少,缺乏全面系统的学术梳理。现以西方摄影术的产生为背景,探讨鸦片战争至洋务运动结束(1840—1890年)期间,摄影术传入中国的途径及其特点。随着鸦片战争爆发,通商口岸开放,各国传教士、商人、猎奇者等纷纷来到中国,也正是他们实现种种目的的同时,把新的技术传入中国。其中所涉人物众多,途径复杂,传入的时间、地点表现为先东南沿海城市、后北方重要城市,服务对象是先少数人,后大众百姓。

The Ways of Introducing Photography into China in the Late Qing Dynasty

On August 19,1839,the French Government declared officially that the photography was born in France.And so far scholars have studied it from the aspect of history,art or technology and so on,but there are few systematic discussions of how the photography was spread to China.Based on the generating background of the Western photography,this article discusses the methods and the characters of the photography spreading into china between the Opium Wars and the Westernization Movement(1840-1890).With the Opium Wars breaking out and the trade ports opening,many foreign missionaries,merchants,novelty seekers with their different goals came to China in succession,and at the same time they introduced some modern technologies to China.The course was very complex as the introduction of the photography into China involved many people and approaches,the different time and places.The author proposes that it is spread from few southeastern coastal cities to some important cities in the north of China,and it served for few people at first and then gradually for most common people.